In high purity Nb, it is known that an attractive interaction between magnetic flux quanta (vortices) occurs below a certain temperature, but the behavior of such vortices has not been observed dynamically before. In this study, we have successfully visualized the dynamical behavior of vortices in Nb during cooling by magneto-optical imaging with single vortex resolution. Various behaviors were observed, including clustering of single vortices, hopping motion, Abrikosov triangular lattices, and the formation of disordered states including clusters.

Created at: 2025-03-25 03:06:43 +0900 Updated at: 2026-10-13 04:39:01 +0900